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Objective:To explore the volume resolution of prostate motion target by four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound.Methods:The prostate ultrasound model was selected, and the group comparison study was conducted using 4D ultrasound to outline the prostate target under different motion amplitudes (A) and motion period (T). The simulated A value was set as 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, and 5 mm, respectively. The T value was set as 1 s, 2 s, 3 s, and 4 s, respectively. The volume of the target of the model prostate was calculated, and the static ultrasound image of the target was used as the control group to analyze the difference between two groups.Results:When the model was still, the size of the target of ultrasound was consistent with that of CT scan ( P>0.05). When the A values were 0.5 mm and 1 mm, there was no statistical difference between the volume in period 1-4 s and the volume in the target at rest (all P>0.05). When the A values were 2 mm and 3 mm, and the T values were 1 s, 2 s and 3 s there was statistical difference between the volume of target and that of of static ultrasonic target (all P<0.05). When the A value was 2 mm and the T value was 4 s, there was no statistical difference between the target volume and the static target volume ( P=0.710). The range within the group was 6.7 cm 3, and the standard deviation was 1.15 cm 3. When the A value was 3 mm and the T value was 4 s, the volume repeatability of the target was poor, and the range within the group was 14.4 cm 3; when the A values were 4 mm and 5 mm, and the T values were 1-4 s, the range within the group was 3.27-17.63 cm 3 and 6.51-21.02 cm 3, respectively. The volume repeatability of the target under each period was extremely poor, which could not meet the clinical requirements. Conclusion:4D ultrasound can provide reliable reference data for patients′ target delineation within 1-4 s of motion cycle and within 1 mm of motion amplitude, which exerts on effect upon the original position of probe.
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Objective:To develop a 3D visualization technology-assisted patient positioning system for radiotherapy and compare it with traditional patient positioning method for breast and pelvic radiotherapy.Methods:A total of 40 patients receiving radiotherapy in Changzhou No.2 People′s Hospital from June 2020 to April 2021 were selected for this study, including 20 patients with breast cancer and 20 patients with pelvic cancer.3D visualization reconstruction was carried out using the CT data of the patients for positioning. Then the 3D visualization models were integrated with the real treatment environment and were then shifted to the isocentral positions of accelerators through interactive operations. Based on this, the patients were actually positioned. Every week, all of the patients were firstly treated with traditional positioning, followed by 3D visualization-guided positioning. As a result, 240 times of positioning data of all patients were collected in three weeks. They were compared with the data of cone-beam CT(CBCT)-guided positioning, which served as the gold standard.Results:The absolute positioning errors of 3D visualization-guided positioning along x, y and z axes were (1.92±1.23), (2.04±1.16), and (1.77±1.37)mm, respectively for patients with breast cancer and were (2.07±1.08), (1.33±0.88), and (1.99±1.25)mm, respectively for patients with pelvic cancer. Compared with traditional positioning method , the accuracy of 3D visualization-guided positioning along x、 y, and z axes was increased by 38.83%, 52.40% and 33%, respectively for patients with breast cancer and was improved by 36.84%, 54.04% and 52.58% for patients with pelvic cancer, with all differences being statistically significant along y and z axes ( t=2.956-5.734, P< 0.05). Meanwhile, the error distribution of the two positioning method was statistically significant along in y axis for patients with breast cancer( χ2=7.481, P<0.05) and was statistically significant along each axis for patients with pelvic cancer( χ2=5.900, 6.415, 7.200, P<0.05). Conclusions:The positioning method guided by 3D visualization technology can effectively improve the positioning accuracy of patients with breast cancer and patients with pelvic cancer and is of value in potential clinical application.
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The nephrotoxicity of Chinese materia medica (CMM) can’t be ignored so that it needs effective monitor and prevention. Recently, the determination of biochemistry and pathology indexes is the most important means of research with low sensitivity and trauma. In recent years, metabolomics has shown broad prospects in CMM nephrotoxicity studies due to its systematic advantages, and also achieved remarkable success. However, large clinical sample studies are still needed to realize the clinical transformation of research results. Thus, the application of metabolomics in the toxicology, assessment biomarkers and mechanism of CMM nephrotoxicity are reviewed in this paper, in order to provide references for further research.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between plasma miR-93-5p and the risk of esophageal cancer, as well as the influence of miR-93-5p on the biological function of esophageal cancer cells, exerted through exosomes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of plasma miR-93-5p in esophageal cancer patients and healthy controls was analysed by real-time quantitative PCR. The influence of miR-93-5p on the risk and prognosis of esophageal carcinoma was analyzed by conditional logistic regression and survival analysis. The effect of miR-93-5p on the biological function of recipient cells was investigated by establishing an in vitro donor cell co-culture model. The target gene of miR-93-5p was validated by luciferase reporter assay and Western Blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Upregulation of plasma miR-93-5p expression significantly increases the risk of esophageal cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. miR-93-5p transferred by exosomes promotes the proliferation of recipient esophageal cancer cells and affects the expression of PTEN and its downstream proteins p21 and cyclin D1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our study provides a reference for the identification of biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of esophageal cancer.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cell Communication , China , Esophageal Neoplasms , Exosomes , Physiology , MicroRNAs , Metabolism , PTEN Phosphohydrolase , Genetics , Metabolism , RiskABSTRACT
Objective·To investigate the effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on autophagy in hippocampus of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). Methods·Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of autophagy associated proteins Beclin1, LC3 Ⅱ , and p62 in the hippocampus of HIBD rats following MSCs transplantation and oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-injured primary neurons following MSCs seperated coculture. The learning-memory function in the HIBD rats after MSCs transplantation was tested by Morris water maze test. Transmission electron microscopy was also used to observe the number of autophagic neurons in OGD damaged neurons after coculture with MSCs. Results·The levels of Beclin1 and LC3 Ⅱ protein expressions were significantly increased at 12-24 h in the rat hippocampus following HIBD injury. MSCs transplantation statistically downregulated the autophagy level in the hippocampus, and obviously improved the learning-memory function of HIBD rats. Meanwhile, the levels of Beclin1 and LC3 Ⅱ protein expressions in the primary neurons in vitro were also induced by OGD for 12 h. MSCs seperated coculture significantly downregulated the autophagy level of hippocampal neurons by OGD injury, decreased the number of autophagosome in the OGD-injured neurons. Conclusion·MSCs may inhibit the autophagy of hippocampal neurons by partly regulating the damaged microenvironment to improve the learning and memory function of HIBD rats.
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OBJECTIVE To observe the regulation effect of chidamide on energy metabolism in HCT-8 and HT-29 cells. METHODS HCT-8 and HT-29 cells were treated with chidamide 5,10 and 20 μmol · L-1. Morphological changes of these cells were observed under an ordinary optical microscope. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT. ATP production was determined by CellTiter-Glo? assay kit. Metabolic changes were tested by glycolytic stress kit. The mRNA level of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A)was analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR,whereas the protein level of LDH-A was analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS Compared with control group,cell morphology of HCT-8 and HT-29 cells in chidamide treated group was irregular,accompanied by deformation,shrinkage and cell debris, and the inhibitory rate of proliferation increased(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in ATP total content between chidamide 5 and 10 μmol · L-1 16 h treatment groups,but in chidamide 20 μmol · L-1 treatment group it was decreased(P<0.05). Chidamide 20μmol · L-1 had no effect on oxygen consumption rate, but glycolysis ATP generation rate was reduced by 30.7% and 37.9%(P<0.05),respectively. Chidamide 20μmol · L-1 had no effect on LDH-A mRNA level,but it decreased the protein level of LDH-A(P<0.01). CONCLUSION Chidamide can abate the respiratory metabolic ability of HCT-8 and HT-29 cells. The mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of LDH-A.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of nuzhenide, specnuezhenide, wedelolactone and oleanic acid in Erzhiwan.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The DIKMA C18 (4.6 mm x 200 mm, 5 microm) column was adopted with acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid solution as the mobile phase and gradient elution. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1) and the volume of injection was 20 microL. The column temperature was maintained at 30 degrees C and the detective wavelength was set at 215 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>There were good linear relationships between the peak area and concentration at the range of 2.008-80.32 (r = 0.999 6), 5.872-234.88 (r = 0.999 7) , 0.9-36 (r = 0.999 9), 13.24-529.6 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 6) for nuzhenide, specnuezhenide, wedelolactone and oleanic acid, respectively. The average recovery rates of nuzhenide, specnuezhenide, wedelolactone and oleanic acid were 99.25%, 98.70%, 96.23% and 101.5%, respectively, with RSD of less than 3%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The established method was so easy, rapid and accurate that it can be used as an effective way for quality control of Erzhiwan.</p>